The Effects of Aerobic, Resistance and Combination Training on Insulin Sensitivity in Overweight Adults from STRRIDE AT/RT: A Randomized Trial
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Abstract
Most health organizations recommend a combination of aerobic training (AT) and resistance training (RT), yet few studies have compared their acute and sustained effects alone and in combination on health parameters. The present study, (Studies Targeting Risk Reduction Interventions through Defined Exercise - Aerobic Training and/or Resistance Training (STRRIDE-AT/RT)) compared the effects of AT, RT and the combination (AT/RT) on insulin action at both acute (within 24 hours of the last exercise bout) and sustained (14 days of detraining) phases. Subjects (N=196) were 18 to 70 years old, overweight, sedentary with moderate dyslipidemia and were randomized into one of three eight-month exercise groups: 1) RT: 3 d/wk, 8 exercises, 3 sets/exercise, 8-12 repetitions/set, 2) AT: equivalent to ~19.2 km/wk (12 miles/wk) at 75% peak VO2, 3) AT/RT: the combination of AT and RT; 144 subjects completed the intervention. Eighty-eight subjects completed all pre- and post-intervention testing visits. Insulin sensitivity, glucose effectiveness and disposition index were measured via a frequently sampled, intravenous glucose tolerance test (IVGTT) with subsequent Minimal Model analyses. AT/RT resulted in significantly greater improvements in insulin sensitivity than either AT or RT alone. AT/RT resulted in significantly larger improvements in beta cell function (disposition index) and glucose effectiveness than AT or RT. Approximately 52% of the improvement in insulin sensitivity by AT/RT was retained 14 days after the last exercise training bout. In summary, only AT/RT (which required twice as much time as either alone) led to significant acute and sustained benefits in insulin sensitivity.
